Comparison tool

LL-37 vs KPV side-by-side

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LL-37KPV

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Property	LL-37	KPV
Category	Immune	Immune
Also known as	Cathelicidin, CAP18	Lys-Pro-Val, Alpha-MSH fragment
FDA approved	No	No
Clinical status	Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns. Pre Preclinical I Phase I II Phase II III Phase III IV Phase IV FDA FDA approved	Preclinical research ongoing; no human clinical-trial benefit evidence was provided Pre Preclinical I Phase I II Phase II III Phase III IV Phase IV FDA FDA approved
What to expect	Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing	Gut inflammation, IBD, skin conditions and anti-inflammatory activity
How it works	LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.	KPV is described as a short alpha-MSH-derived peptide with a proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism. In the supplied evidence, KPV uptake is linked to PepT1 transport, particularly in inflamed intestinal tissue. After cellular entry, laboratory findings associate KPV with dampened NF-kB activity and reduced production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. The source also states that KPV does not appear to act through the classic melanocortin receptors used by alpha-MSH, so the mechanism remains a preclinical working model rather than a confirmed clinical pathway.
Typical dosing	100-200 mcg daily · Once daily	200-500 mcg daily · 1-2x daily
Research dosing	100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical	200-500 mcg daily · 4-8 weeks typical · Subcutaneous injection or oral capsules
Typical duration	Variable by protocol	4-8 weeks typical
Administration	Subcutaneous injection or topical	Subcutaneous injection or oral capsules
Timing	Morning With or without food	Morning, or as directed in the source context With or without food
Evidence level	Clinical Trials	Preclinical
Possible side effects	Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.) Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.) Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.) +4 more Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.) Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.) High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.) Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)	Generally well tolerated (Reported by the source; human clinical safety evidence was not provided.) Injection-site reactions (Listed for injectable use.) Transient mild flu-like symptoms (Reported as mild and temporary in the source.) +4 more Mild gastrointestinal effects (Listed without additional severity detail.) Possible histamine release (Source advises caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity; supporting human trial data was not provided.) Does not cause immunosuppression (Source reports this as a safety-related claim; corroborating clinical evidence was not supplied.) Cancer-history contraindication claim (Source lists this as a contraindication; independent clinical substantiation was not provided in the input.)
Research summary	The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.	The supplied research summary places KPV in a preclinical evidence tier. It cites Dalmasso and colleagues in Gastroenterology in 2008 for PepT1-dependent uptake and reduced intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis models, including DSS and TNBS mouse models, alongside lower pro-inflammatory cytokine signals. A 2016 PMC-listed study is described as showing fewer tumors in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer when KPV activity depended on PepT1. The source emphasizes that these are animal and in vitro findings and does not provide published randomized human trials for inflammatory bowel disease, eczema or other promoted uses.
References	Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides +3 more Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides	Source Source +1 more Source
Full profile	View Details	View Details

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Educational use only. This information is aggregated from public research and community reports. It is not medical advice, and dosing details are descriptive, not recommendations. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Property

LL-37

KPV

Category

Immune

Also known as

Cathelicidin, CAP18

Lys-Pro-Val, Alpha-MSH fragment

FDA approved

Clinical status

Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns.

Pre
Preclinical
I
Phase I
II
Phase II
III
Phase III
IV
Phase IV
FDA
FDA approved

Preclinical research ongoing; no human clinical-trial benefit evidence was provided

Pre
Preclinical
I
Phase I
II
Phase II
III
Phase III
IV
Phase IV
FDA
FDA approved

What to expect

Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing

Gut inflammation, IBD, skin conditions and anti-inflammatory activity

How it works

LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.

KPV is described as a short alpha-MSH-derived peptide with a proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism. In the supplied evidence, KPV uptake is linked to PepT1 transport, particularly in inflamed intestinal tissue. After cellular entry, laboratory findings associate KPV with dampened NF-kB activity and reduced production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. The source also states that KPV does not appear to act through the classic melanocortin receptors used by alpha-MSH, so the mechanism remains a preclinical working model rather than a confirmed clinical pathway.

Typical dosing

100-200 mcg daily · Once daily

200-500 mcg daily · 1-2x daily

Research dosing

100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical

200-500 mcg daily · 4-8 weeks typical · Subcutaneous injection or oral capsules

Typical duration

Variable by protocol

4-8 weeks typical

Administration

Subcutaneous injection or topical

Subcutaneous injection or oral capsules

Timing

Morning

With or without food

Morning, or as directed in the source context

With or without food

Evidence level

Clinical Trials

Preclinical

Possible side effects

Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.)
Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.)
Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.)

+4 more

Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.)
Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.)
High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.)
Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)

Generally well tolerated (Reported by the source; human clinical safety evidence was not provided.)
Injection-site reactions (Listed for injectable use.)
Transient mild flu-like symptoms (Reported as mild and temporary in the source.)

+4 more

Mild gastrointestinal effects (Listed without additional severity detail.)
Possible histamine release (Source advises caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity; supporting human trial data was not provided.)
Does not cause immunosuppression (Source reports this as a safety-related claim; corroborating clinical evidence was not supplied.)
Cancer-history contraindication claim (Source lists this as a contraindication; independent clinical substantiation was not provided in the input.)

Research summary

The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.

The supplied research summary places KPV in a preclinical evidence tier. It cites Dalmasso and colleagues in Gastroenterology in 2008 for PepT1-dependent uptake and reduced intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis models, including DSS and TNBS mouse models, alongside lower pro-inflammatory cytokine signals. A 2016 PMC-listed study is described as showing fewer tumors in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer when KPV activity depended on PepT1. The source emphasizes that these are animal and in vitro findings and does not provide published randomized human trials for inflammatory bowel disease, eczema or other promoted uses.

References

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

+3 more

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

Source Source

+1 more

Source

Full profile

View Details