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Thymogen vs LL-37 side-by-side

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ThymogenLL-37

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Property	Thymogen	LL-37
Category	Immune	Immune
Also known as	EW Dipeptide, Glu-Trp, L-Glutamyl-L-Tryptophan, Oglufanide	Cathelicidin, CAP18
FDA approved	No	No
Clinical status	Source-reported: approved in Russia for clinical immunomodulation; used since 1990. Pre Preclinical I Phase I II Phase II III Phase III IV Phase IV FDA FDA approved	Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns. Pre Preclinical I Phase I II Phase II III Phase III IV Phase IV FDA FDA approved
What to expect	Immune modulation, T-cell support, immune aging	Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing
How it works	The source describes an immunomodulatory hypothesis rather than a fully defined target. Reported experimental findings associate L-Glu-L-Trp with T-cell differentiation, peptide-MHC recognition, altered intracellular cyclic nucleotides, and increased neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. It also notes reported DNA-level gene-expression effects. The initiating molecular mechanism remains unresolved, and the source presents immune effects as more documented than the gene-expression claims.	LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.
Typical dosing	1-2 capsules (10-20 mg) daily · 1-2x daily, before meals	100-200 mcg daily · Once daily
Research dosing	10-20 mg daily oral · 30-day courses with 2-3 month breaks · Oral capsules, also available as nasal spray in some regions	100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical
Typical duration	30-day courses with 2-3 month breaks	Variable by protocol
Administration	Oral capsules; nasal spray availability is reported for some regions.	Subcutaneous injection or topical
Timing	Morning, before meals With or without food	Morning With or without food
Evidence level	Clinical Trials	Clinical Trials
Possible side effects	Generally well-tolerated (Source-reported; the source says individual responses may vary with dose, duration, and personal health factors.) No significant side effects reported in clinical use (This is a source report, not an independently verified safety conclusion.) Rare allergic reactions possible (Source-reported possibility.) +1 more Individual intolerance to components (Source-reported possibility.)	Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.) Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.) Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.) +4 more Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.) Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.) High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.) Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)
Research summary	The source describes a 2000 Anisimov Biogerontology experiment in which the dipeptide was given to rats. It reports associations with greater maximum lifespan, lower tumor incidence, and an approximately 3.4-fold reduction in blood cancers versus controls; this was not a human trial. It characterizes the broader clinical and laboratory literature as predominantly older Russian-language work linked to the original developers, with limited independent Western replication. According to the source, contemporary external randomized controlled trials have not confirmed immune or anti-aging claims to current evidence standards.	The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.
References	Source Source +1 more Source	Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides +3 more Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides
Full profile	View Details	View Details

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Educational use only. This information is aggregated from public research and community reports. It is not medical advice, and dosing details are descriptive, not recommendations. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Property

Thymogen

LL-37

Category

Immune

Also known as

EW Dipeptide, Glu-Trp, L-Glutamyl-L-Tryptophan, Oglufanide

Cathelicidin, CAP18

FDA approved

Clinical status

Source-reported: approved in Russia for clinical immunomodulation; used since 1990.

Pre
Preclinical
I
Phase I
II
Phase II
III
Phase III
IV
Phase IV
FDA
FDA approved

Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns.

Pre
Preclinical
I
Phase I
II
Phase II
III
Phase III
IV
Phase IV
FDA
FDA approved

What to expect

Immune modulation, T-cell support, immune aging

Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing

How it works

The source describes an immunomodulatory hypothesis rather than a fully defined target. Reported experimental findings associate L-Glu-L-Trp with T-cell differentiation, peptide-MHC recognition, altered intracellular cyclic nucleotides, and increased neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. It also notes reported DNA-level gene-expression effects. The initiating molecular mechanism remains unresolved, and the source presents immune effects as more documented than the gene-expression claims.

LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.

Typical dosing

1-2 capsules (10-20 mg) daily · 1-2x daily, before meals

100-200 mcg daily · Once daily

Research dosing

10-20 mg daily oral · 30-day courses with 2-3 month breaks · Oral capsules, also available as nasal spray in some regions

100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical

Typical duration

30-day courses with 2-3 month breaks

Variable by protocol

Administration

Oral capsules; nasal spray availability is reported for some regions.

Subcutaneous injection or topical

Timing

Morning, before meals

With or without food

Morning

With or without food

Evidence level

Clinical Trials

Possible side effects

Generally well-tolerated (Source-reported; the source says individual responses may vary with dose, duration, and personal health factors.)
No significant side effects reported in clinical use (This is a source report, not an independently verified safety conclusion.)
Rare allergic reactions possible (Source-reported possibility.)

+1 more

Individual intolerance to components (Source-reported possibility.)

Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.)
Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.)
Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.)

+4 more

Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.)
Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.)
High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.)
Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)

Research summary

The source describes a 2000 Anisimov Biogerontology experiment in which the dipeptide was given to rats. It reports associations with greater maximum lifespan, lower tumor incidence, and an approximately 3.4-fold reduction in blood cancers versus controls; this was not a human trial. It characterizes the broader clinical and laboratory literature as predominantly older Russian-language work linked to the original developers, with limited independent Western replication. According to the source, contemporary external randomized controlled trials have not confirmed immune or anti-aging claims to current evidence standards.

The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.

References

Source Source

+1 more

Source

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

+3 more

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

Full profile

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