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Thymosin Alpha-1 vs LL-37 side-by-side

Zestaw do czterech peptydów według statusu dowodów, mechanizmów, dawkowania z badań, skutków ubocznych i referencji.

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Thymosin Alpha-1LL-37

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Wlasciwosc	Thymosin Alpha-1	LL-37
Kategoria	Odporność	Odporność
Znany tez jako	Ta1, Zadaxin, thymalfasin	Cathelicidin, CAP18
Zatwierdzony przez FDA	Nie	Nie
Status kliniczny	Approved in 30+ countries as Zadaxin; not FDA approved in the United States; source also reports FDA orphan drug designation and expected Category 1 compounding status return in 2026. Pre Przedkliniczne I Faza I II Faza II III Faza III IV Faza IV FDA Zatwierdzone przez FDA	Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns. Pre Przedkliniczne I Faza I II Faza II III Faza III IV Faza IV FDA Zatwierdzone przez FDA
Czego oczekiwac	Immune support, chronic infections, cancer adjunct	Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing
Jak dziala	Thymosin Alpha-1 is presented as an immune modulator. The supplied evidence describes activity at toll-like receptors, particularly TLR9 and TLR2, on dendritic cells. That pathway is linked in the source to Th1-oriented T-cell signaling, natural killer cell activity, antibody response effects, and regulatory T-cell activity through IDO-associated signaling.	LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.
Typowe dawkowanie	1.6 mg twice weekly · 2-3x weekly	100-200 mcg daily · Once daily
Dawkowanie z badań	1.6 mg twice weekly · 6-12 months for hepatitis · Subcutaneous injection	100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical
Typowy czas trwania	6-12 months for hepatitis	Variable by protocol
Podanie	Subcutaneous injection	Subcutaneous injection or topical
Timing	Morning With or without food	Morning With or without food
Poziom dowodów	Badania kliniczne	Badania kliniczne
Mozliwe skutki uboczne	Injection site reactions (Reported as the most common side effect in the source.) Mild fatigue (Reported in the supplied side-effect list.) Headache (Reported in the supplied side-effect list.) +3 więcej Rare allergic reactions (Reported as rare in the source.) Contraindicated in immunosuppressed transplant patients (Listed by the source as a contraindication rather than a routine adverse effect.) Favorable safety profile (General safety characterization reported by the source, not a specific adverse event.)	Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.) Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.) Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.) +4 więcej Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.) Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.) High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.) Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)
Podsumowanie researchu	The source reports a substantial human research base for Thymosin Alpha-1, including use in chronic hepatitis B and safety observations across more than 30 trials with over 11,000 participants. Evidence in sepsis is described as mixed: an earlier ETASS study suggested lower 28-day mortality, while the larger double-blind TESTS phase 3 trial in 1,106 patients did not show a mortality benefit. The source also notes study as an adjunct in selected cancers and vaccine-response contexts, but characterizes that support as weaker.	The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.
Referencje	PubMed PMC +2 więcej PMC Springer	Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides +3 więcej Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides
Pełny profil	Zobacz szczegóły	Zobacz szczegóły

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Wyłącznie edukacyjnie. Te informacje są agregowane z publicznych badań i raportów społeczności. To nie jest poradą medyczną, a informacje o dawkowaniu są opisowe, nie rekomendacyjne. Zawsze konsultuj się z wykwalifikowanym specjalistą ochrony zdrowia.

Wlasciwosc

Thymosin Alpha-1

LL-37

Kategoria

Odporność

Znany tez jako

Ta1, Zadaxin, thymalfasin

Cathelicidin, CAP18

Zatwierdzony przez FDA

Nie

Status kliniczny

Approved in 30+ countries as Zadaxin; not FDA approved in the United States; source also reports FDA orphan drug designation and expected Category 1 compounding status return in 2026.

Pre
Przedkliniczne
I
Faza I
II
Faza II
III
Faza III
IV
Faza IV
FDA
Zatwierdzone przez FDA

Investigational; source notes clinical trials for wound healing and FDA Category 2 restricted status due to limited safety data and immunogenicity concerns.

Pre
Przedkliniczne
I
Faza I
II
Faza II
III
Faza III
IV
Faza IV
FDA
Zatwierdzone przez FDA

Czego oczekiwac

Immune support, chronic infections, cancer adjunct

Antimicrobial, infections, biofilm disruption, wound healing

Jak dziala

Thymosin Alpha-1 is presented as an immune modulator. The supplied evidence describes activity at toll-like receptors, particularly TLR9 and TLR2, on dendritic cells. That pathway is linked in the source to Th1-oriented T-cell signaling, natural killer cell activity, antibody response effects, and regulatory T-cell activity through IDO-associated signaling.

LL-37 is described as a positively charged, amphipathic host-defense peptide that can associate with negatively charged microbial membranes and disrupt them. Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, the source reports signaling roles that include neutralizing bacterial LPS, shaping inflammatory activity, recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, and supporting epithelial repair. The source notes production in epithelial tissues such as skin, gut, and lung, as well as immune cells including neutrophils.

Typowe dawkowanie

1.6 mg twice weekly · 2-3x weekly

100-200 mcg daily · Once daily

Dawkowanie z badań

1.6 mg twice weekly · 6-12 months for hepatitis · Subcutaneous injection

100-200 mcg subcutaneous · Variable by protocol · Subcutaneous injection or topical

Typowy czas trwania

6-12 months for hepatitis

Variable by protocol

Podanie

Subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous injection or topical

Timing

Morning

With or without food

Morning

With or without food

Poziom dowodów

Badania kliniczne

Mozliwe skutki uboczne

Injection site reactions (Reported as the most common side effect in the source.)
Mild fatigue (Reported in the supplied side-effect list.)
Headache (Reported in the supplied side-effect list.)

+3 więcej

Rare allergic reactions (Reported as rare in the source.)
Contraindicated in immunosuppressed transplant patients (Listed by the source as a contraindication rather than a routine adverse effect.)
Favorable safety profile (General safety characterization reported by the source, not a specific adverse event.)

Injection-site reactions (Reported as common in the source.)
Skin toxicity (Source examples include ulcers and burning.)
Allergic reactions (Reported by the source without severity grading.)

+4 więcej

Histamine release (Source flags caution for MCAS or histamine sensitivity.)
Possible contribution to autoimmune conditions (Reported as a potential concern, not established causality.)
High-dose toxicity concerns (Source flags concern at higher doses.)
Limited long-term safety data (Source notes uncertainty around longer-term safety.)

Podsumowanie researchu

The source reports a substantial human research base for Thymosin Alpha-1, including use in chronic hepatitis B and safety observations across more than 30 trials with over 11,000 participants. Evidence in sepsis is described as mixed: an earlier ETASS study suggested lower 28-day mortality, while the larger double-blind TESTS phase 3 trial in 1,106 patients did not show a mortality benefit. The source also notes study as an adjunct in selected cancers and vaccine-response contexts, but characterizes that support as weaker.

The source presents LL-37 as a well-studied endogenous component of human innate immunity, with literature support for broad antimicrobial activity, membrane disruption, and distribution across epithelial and immune tissues. It also reports exploratory research on LL-37 or related mimics in laboratory anticancer models, Helicobacter pylori host-defense research, and ocular-surface pathogen contexts. The evidence described is strongest for LL-37 as a natural immune peptide; deliberate administration remains experimental in the supplied source, and the source flags that LL-37 may worsen inflammation in some disease settings.

Referencje

PubMed PMC

+2 więcej

PMC Springer

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

+3 więcej

Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides Peptibase peptides

Pełny profil

Zobacz szczegóły